Day 19 – Jaime Lerner & Urbanization
9:00 – 10:30 am
Friday June 13, 2008
Lecture about Housing
Programs in the city
From the Municipal Secretary of Habitation
(COHAB) at COHAB
10:30
Visit to Rafael Dely’s Housing
2:30 – 4:00 pm
Lecture about the Urbanization
History of Curitiba
With Jaime Lerner / Ariadne
From the Instituto
Jaime Lerner
At the Institute
4:00 – 7:00 pm
Visit to Oscar Niemeyer Museum
Notes from the Jaime Lerner Lecture
“City is not a problem, city is solution.”
Most of the world’s population lives in cities
Strategic vision and urban structure
Urban structure
VITA, the turtle - A book for children to discuss the layouts of a city.
Different parts of the city are necessary to function. If one part of the shell is missing the turtle will die like the city.
Many aspects of Urban Planning
-You have to start somewhere
Before the bus system they started with bike lanes
Cities are not finished structures, they are always changing.
It is important to start, you cannot wait for everything to be planned out before you act.
Design of the city
Mobility, Sustainability, Identity, Social Diversity.
Mobility
One line in 1974 with the north, south axis by 2000
It serves 13 municipalities in Curitiba
Everyone pays the same amount regardless of distance. Curitiba is much wealthier compared to neighboring cities.
Higher income per capital than any other municipality.
A lot of the jobs have been put in Curitiba
The trips from commuters from other cities were subsidized for these who have longer communities.
Jaime Lerner
3 times mayor
2 times governor of Paraná
Designed the Bus Tube station and system.
You pay at the platform before you board the bus
Paying in the bus slows the system down.
The transportation was designed not to have any governmental subsidy.
At first the individual lines were privatized
As well as the maintenance. At first their was a large amount of funding for the National transportation bank with loans. Volvo funded a lot. Clear channel owns the bus stops. The transportation operators negotiate with the lenders about the fees. The government does not subsidize so the budget is by the amount of fairs generated.
120 km of Bike lanes they connect to the parks and main corridors.
Jaime Lerner is working on an idea to integrate the subways to the buses with out an additional fair in Rio de Janero.
Individual transport with out private ownership
“Smart” Subway
“Smart” Bus
“Smart” Taxi
VELIB Doordock
Every system is good as long as they never compete at the same space.
“They should never compete at the same space.”
Sometimes you will have to have the same line of boarding, you have to help create ways how to integrate.
“Everyone wants the label of sustainability but they are not, that’s the problem.” JL
We’ll have to have two types of cars in the future, for short and long distance.
“At least on routine itineraries, we’ll have to consider a different conception.”
The sustainable city
When we talk about the things we know verses the things we don’t know. Lets start with the issues that we know. We had in 1966 with 3 sq meters of green habitat.
Now we have 15 sq meters.
People have learned how to treat these parks, as part of there home.
The government expands development based on the level of infill structure we try to combine the offer with transportation and etc.
Constitution of the city
1982
Forest land can’t build on but you can transfer your meters of land to another location.
Same for historical landmarks.
Nicolau Kluppel – created a system that pipes as a drainage systems for rivers beds that flood every year.
There are no ugly areas of a city you always transform it into something good.
There are some areas that the garbage exchange couldn’t work because of the squatters settlement roads are too narrow for the trucks to get there. So they paid people for Garbage collection. This help eradicate the diseases from garbage in the neighborhood.
Multi use city – The only place open after hours
They had children campaign in the schools to teach about recycling.
In the night there are squares with cultural markets that sell diverse foods and etc.
You have to make the city live-able for everyone.
Identity, Co-existence, socio-diversity
Paiol Theater
A city that doesn’t have an identity is lost
You don’t know who you are
Use to be a warehouse for gunpowder, now its a theater.
The parks celebrate the diverse ethnic groups and themes. Like Japanese, Polish, German, etc.
The public transportation center took 40 years.
Urban Acupuncture
Works as a catalyst for the whole system.
Jaime Lerner has a vision for 3 new museums
Mobility, Sustainability, Co-existence
The Cultural District
The Mobility Museum - How to make the most out of each transportation system.
The Sustainability Museum – Jaime believes that its really important for the people to understand the place where they live. This museum would help that.
The Co-existence Park – Jaime has this idea of this globe that has this map installation that you physically slide into the same place.
Roberto Burle Marx Park in Brasilia
They are planning to build it. The idea is to have this Oasis in the midst of the desert. Eventually the park will grow to full vegetation.
Brasilia was built by people all over the country
The hidden design is to frame the traditional structure and put the newer technologies around the peripheral to help meet the needs of the expanding city this is what is happening in Jinan, China.
Oaxaca, Mexico
It has a lot of colonial structure. It has an original market.
Shimokitazawa, Tokyo
The invisible sewing. Jamie proposed an idea. The idea was to make an invisible sewing. Reweaving. Trying to re-weave modern Architecture into the fabric of the traditional structure of the original city.
The strength of nature and the strength of man.
World nature games
State of Paraná in 1997
Ballooning, Rafting, People from all over the world came.
“ Be sustainable is not wasting”
The cultural convoy – A bus that takes you to cultural institutions through out Paraná
We live in diversified neighborhoods is really important for co-existence.
We never built housing programs for one income because you must trade services.
“When there is no solution on space then there is a solution on time.”
He proposed vendors at night a 24 hour city.
The city can have different functions during the day.
Question I asked (misha)
Looking towards the future of transportation are there plans of looking for alternative energy sources for public transportation like hybrid buses or electric cars?
Response
We still have diesel in our buses. War in many steps. From individuals, diesel systems. Carbon emissions 8% cars 92% having the system. The most sustainable Bio-diesel hybrid. Right now we have Gas/electric. The success of hydrogen cells will be more successful but in time.
It is more sustainable to have a working system then adding one car at a time with the new technology.
Every 40 seconds a bus comes
36,000 passenger every 30 seconds
Direct lines you will have 50,000
You have to keep this balance
When the bus or tube is too full, then you know something is wrong.
What problems do our generations need to solve?
Advice from Jaime Lerner
1. “Education “
The quality of education. Mark Twain said ‘I never let the school interfere with my knowledge.’ You always need to have more creative teachers.” JL
How to keep education related to creativity.
“Sometimes its not a question of inspiration, you need more issues to relate.” JL
“Make education a normal process a creative process.”
2. “Knowing what is really sustainable in a city.”
There are many interpretations. We have to go further. We feel like terminal patients we don’t know what to do. I think everyone needs to understand what is important. Green building = Its not enough. New sources for energy. Recyclable / reusing
Use less your car
Separate you garbage
Live closer to work
Keeping in mind what you save and what you waste.
Multiple use.
3. “How to make everyone understand it’s own city.”
Because if you don’t understand. If you know your city you will respect it better. The moment you start to understand you will like it better. They should have on there notebooks the map of their own city in their notebooks.
“Every citizen should design its own city” JL
Jaime asked one of his colleagues if he could give him a sketch design of his own city and they were afraid to design the drawing.
B.M.W = Bus, Metro, Walking
“Every school could be sustainable that would be a good start.”
Social diversity
Every street is important in your life.
“If you have had a good street in your life you have had good relationships.”
In Chicago more people from Dorango, Mexico than Dorango, Mexico.
